Thiazole substitution of a labile amide bond - a new option towards stable pantothenamide-mimics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The emergence and spread of artemisinin-resistant, malaria-causing P. falciparum provide the impetus for the development of novel antimalarials. Pantothenamides are potent inhibitors of malaria parasite proliferation, however their clinical use is hindered by pantetheinase-mediated degradation in human serum. Here we report the synthesis and biological activity of a series of pantothenamide-mimics in which the labile amide bond is replaced by a thiazole ring with various orientations. Out of 23 novel compounds generated and tested in the presence of pantetheinase, several display sub-micromolar antiplasmodial activity in vitro . A selection of compounds was studied in more detail and CoA biosynthesis and/or utilisation pathways were confirmed to be the target. Toxicity to human cells was not observed. Kinetic studies identified the selected compounds as substrates of the Hs PanK3 enzyme, but with much lower affinity compared to that of the natural substrate pantothenate. The most potent thiazole-bearing antiplasmodial compound was found to bind to Pf PanK with a 120-fold higher affinity compared to Hs PanK, highlighting excellent selectivity, not only against the key first enzyme in the CoA biosynthesis pathway, but also at the whole-cell level. In conclusion, thiazole substitution of the labile amide bond represents a promising avenue for the development of antimalarial pantothenamide-mimics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".