Evolution of the Magmatic-Hydrothermal System of the Anjerd Porphyry Cu(-Mo) Deposit, East-Azarbaijan, NW Iran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Anjerd porphyry Cu(-Mo) deposit, located in the Qara-Dagh–Sabalan metallogenic zone, is one of the largest Cu(-Mo) deposits in northwestern Iran. This deposit is related to the relatively shallow emplacement of quartz monzonite and granodiorite intrusions during the Oligocene, which led to hydrothermal activity and the formation of well-developed alteration zones. The alteration pattern exhibits concentric zoning, with a central biotite-dominant core surrounded by distal propylitic and surficial kaolinite-alunite-pyrophyllite-diaspore zones. A later white-mica–dominant assemblage was superimposed on the earlier alteration zones. The primary sulfide and oxide minerals, including chalcopyrite, molybdenite, pyrite, and magnetite, occur in disseminated and vein-veinlet forms within the biotite- and white-mica–dominant alterations. The pressure-temperature relationships from fluid inclusion information indicate two pathways for the ascent of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. The early fluid, composed of coexisting hypersaline liquid and low-density vapor, characterized by elevated temperatures (>600°C), represents the hydrothermal fluid responsible for the formation of the biotite-dominant alteration. The hypersaline liquid and the vapor, generated through phase separation, were co-trapped under near-lithostatic pressure at a depth of approximately 3 km. The hypersaline liquid exhibits high pressure (~800 bar) and salinity exceeding 60 wt % NaCl equiv. In contrast, during late fluid exsolution from the intrusion, the temperature (~400°C) and salinity (3–14.5 wt % NaCl equiv) of the ascending fluid was much lower at pressure of ~300 bar under near-hydrostatic conditions, corresponding to mineralization depth of ~3 km, leading to the formation of the white-mica–dominant alteration. The white-mica–dominant alteration overprinting on the biotite-dominant assemblage associated with high-grade Cu(-Mo) mineralization presents an indicator for targeting and exploration in similar Cu(-Mo) porphyry systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".