Identification of the optimal diagnostic criteria combination for reproductive tract diseases in dairy cows of 100 days in milk or more
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the optimal diagnostic criteria combination for purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) and endometritis (ENDO) in cows ≥100 DIM to predict the probability of pregnancy. A prospective observational study was conducted in 24 commercial Holstein herds selected by convenience. Cows ≥100 DIM identified as nonpregnant by veterinarians were systematically enrolled in the study and were examined with a Metricheck device (discharge) and a cytobrush device combined with a leukocyte esterase test. No reproductive tract treatments were allowed and cows were systematically enrolled on an ovulation synchronization protocol and inseminated. Data from 1,064 reproductive tract examination events from 918 different Holstein cows were included. Diagnostic criteria combinations of discharge score and esterase score were used to identify PVD and ENDO, respectively. Combinations were compared using mixed logistic regression models accounting for diagnostic criteria (PVD and ENDO), DIM, parity, and season, as well as herd and cow clustering as random effects. The optimal diagnostic criteria combination was chosen based on the variation explained when these thresholds were included in a model (lowest Akaike information criterion; AIC), and their ability to predict pregnancy status (highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; AUC). The lowest AIC (1,021) and highest AUC (0.898) were obtained with a combination of a discharge score ≥2 (flecks of pus or worse) for PVD and an esterase score ≥0.5 (trace of leukocytes or worse) for ENDO. Based on these criteria, the proportions of PVD and ENDO were 21.5% and 37.8%, respectively. The overall probability pregnancy at artificial insemination was 30.7%; it was higher in unaffected cows than in cows with reproductive tract diseases. In conclusion, the optimal diagnostic criteria combination for cows ≥100 DIM was a discharge score ≥2 for PVD and a esterase score ≥0.5 for ENDO, and cows with PVD or ENDO had poorer reproductive success than unaffected cows.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".