Alternate-day fasting differentially affects body composition, metabolic and immune response to fasting in male rats exposed to early-life adversity: Modulatory role of cafeteria diet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The increased risk for obesity and metabolic disorders following early-life adversity is aggravated by poor diet (e.g., cafeteria diet). Alternate-day fasting (ADF) is a dietary regimen shown to improve immune and metabolic dysfunction related to obesity. Here, we evaluate if ADF can ameliorate the negative effects of early-life adversity and/or cafeteria diet on biological, immune and metabolic parameters. At weaning, animals reared under normal or adverse conditions (i.e., low bedding) were fed either standard chow or cafeteria diets ad libitum or subjected to an ADF regimen. In adulthood, we measured 24-hour fasted cholesterol, triglycerides, cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and body composition parameters including perigonadal, retroperitoneal, and brown fat pad weight. Animals exposed to early-life adversity respond differently to cafeteria diet and ADF. Adverse reared animals fed chow diet in the ADF regimen showed the largest reduction in body weight and perigonadal and retroperitoneal fat pad weight, the smallest increase in corticosterone levels, and the largest increase in TNF-α levels. However, the differential effects of the ADF regimen on body, perigonadal and retroperitoneal fat weight observed in adversely reared animals fed chow diet compared to controls were not present if the adversely reared animals were fed cafeteria diet in the ADF regimen. Furthermore, adversely reared animals fed cafeteria diet in the ADF regimen showed high IL-1β and IL-6 levels. Together, the data suggest that the altered vulnerability to metabolic and immune dysfunction following early-life adversity is not just due to the type of diet but also how the diet is consumed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".