Bibliographic record
Abstract
The form ofþe is a very rare variant of the Old English conjunction oþþe ‘or’. So far, this form has been identified in five manuscripts: one token is attested in the ink glosses to Aldhelm, De laudibus virginitatis in New Haven, Yale University, Beinecke Library 401 rendering uel (x2; Napier #177)1; one token in the copy of Werferth’s translation of Gregory’s Dialogues in London, British Library, Cotton Otho C. i., vol. 2 (xi1; 36r; Hecht 108.28; O)2; one token in the Record of the Dues Pertaining to Taunton in the Codex Wintoniensis (London, British Library, Add. 15350; xii1; Winchester; Robertson 236.31)3; at least twenty-three tokens in the copy of King Alfred’s Old English translation of Pope Gregory the Great’s Regula pastoralis in Cambridge, Trinity College R. 5. 22 (ff. 72–158; x/xi; ?Sherborne; T); and two tokens in the copy of King Alfred’s Old English translation of Pope Gregory the Great’s Regula pastoralis in Cambridge, University Library Ii. 2. 4 (xi2; Exeter; U).4 The present article suggests that another token of ofþe occurs in Adrian and Ritheus, a question-and-answer list found in London, British Library, Cotton Julius A. ii, fols 137v–40.5 The form ofþe written occurs in the question about Noah on 138v: Saga me. hwa sette ærest wineardas. of þe hwa dranc ærest win Ic þe secge. Noe.6 ‘Tell me who first set vineyards or who first drank wine. I tell you, Noah.’
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.022 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.016 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.040 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".