Knowledge Synthesis: Underrepresentation of Indigenous Students in Canadian Post-Secondary Institutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article will explore barriers for Indigenous students to pursuing and persisting with university education in Canada. Canada has favored a Eurocentric curriculum throughout history discrediting Aboriginal knowledge bases and values including Indigenous languages. As a result of Western assimilation policies which were institutionalized through the 1876 Indian Act and the Indian Residential School System (IRSS), Aboriginal communities have suffered tremendously. The educational journeys of Indigenous peoples are inadequate. Through a compressive literature review, this article will critically examine the relationships between intergenerational trauma (IGT) experienced by Indigenous communities and its’ role in students' underrepresentation within Canadian post-secondary institutions. For the purpose of this paper, thirteen literature including peer-reviewed and grey literature were thoroughly examined. Key finding of the review will be presented in this knowledge synthesis paper.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.020 | 0.067 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.017 | 0.019 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".