The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance approach in childhood‐onset disabilities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach, a goal-oriented intervention focused on participation, is designed to improve performance by addressing personal goals important to children and their families. Introduced in 2001, CO-OP involves client-chosen functional goals, identifying performance issues through a process of dynamic performance analysis, and guiding the discovery of cognitive strategies to enhance skill acquisition, all within a problem-solving framework. The objectives of the approach are skill acquisition, strategy use, generalization, and transfer of learning. Developed within a research paradigm, a review of the literature indicates that CO-OP research has expanded, documenting its use across various paediatric populations, including children with neurodevelopmental disorders, cerebral palsy, and movement disorders, addressing a myriad of functional goals. In this review we illustrate the iterative development of CO-OP from single-case experimental designs to randomized controlled trials to evaluate the approach. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Performance Quality Rating Scale are the most common outcome measures. Methodological advancements, limitations, and an initial exploration of mechanisms of action are discussed, providing a foundation for further research and clinical application. Recommendations include the use of consistent measures, robust longitudinal studies, implementation research, and health economic analyses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".