Common but different: An ERP study of single- and multi-source interference processing in MSIT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Flexible behavior often requires processing of complex, interfering information. Research has investigated conflict-related brain processes mostly using single tasks which hindered direct comparison of different interference types. Thus, the question if they are resolved by a common mechanism or by a set of different, task-specific mechanisms remains open. In this study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the spatio-temporal dynamics of cognitive control across Simon, flanker, multi-source and no-conflict conditions. Our findings reveal that all trial types engaged the same sequence of processing stages, as indicated by common ERP waveforms and consistent number and order of microstates across conditions. However, the intensity and duration of these common stages scaled with difficulty of the conflict task (as measured by RTs and accuracy) from Simon to flanker to multi-source interference. Flanker conflict uniquely influenced early ERP components strongly engaging the dorsal attentional system and visual areas, likely due to demands posed by the presence of flanker distractors. Later ERP components (with sources including ventral attention and somatomotor network areas) were affected by both conflicts. Accordingly, when flanker and Simon conflicts were presented together, early processes lineary summed up, but there was an interaction at the later stage of processing paralleling nonlinear drop of accuracy in a multi-conflict condition. Our study provides novel insights into the neural dynamics underlying cognitive control engaged across different conflict types and their interaction. The use of source analysis allowed us to ground ERP-based findings in the wider context of studies, including those using neuroimaging techniques. Highlights - The same processing stages, in same order are evoked in control and conflict trials - Their intensity/duration scale with conflict behavioral difficulty - Flanker conflict demands enhanced early attentional (DAN) and visual processing - Flanker and Simon interact at the late-stage processing involving VAN and SM networks - Flanker and Simon interaction is sublinear
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".