Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with mental well-being: a population-based study with adolescents in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Insufficient physical activity, excessive recreational screen time, and inadequate sleep pose health risks in school-aged children and adolescents. The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth advocate for balanced daily movement behaviours. This population-level study in British Columbia (BC), Canada, examined the proportion of young adolescents following these guidelines and how adherence correlated with their mental well-being. METHODS: Using cross-sectional self-report data from 26,974 grades 6-8 children (48% girls, mean age = 13.31) who had completed the Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI) in BC in 2023, we calculated the percentages of children meeting physical activity (at least 1 h daily), sleep (9 + hours for 5- to 13-year-olds, 8 + for > 13-year-olds), and screen time (no more than 2 h daily) recommendations. Eight groupings were created, indicating how many and which movement behaviour guidelines were met: none, sleep only, physical activity only, screen time only, physical activity and sleep, physical activity and screen time, sleep and screen time, and all three behaviours. Mean differences in depressive symptoms, optimism, and satisfaction with life scores across categories were estimated through sex-stratified linear mixed models, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Four percent of adolescents met all recommendations, while 15% met none. Meeting some or all recommendations was associated with higher levels of optimism and satisfaction with life, and lower levels of depressive symptoms compared to meeting none. Beneficial effects were overall larger for girls, and largest for depressive symptoms among girls meeting all recommendations versus none (-1.05, 95% CI [-1.14, -0.96]). CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was associated with higher levels of well-being, but most grades 6-8 adolescents in our study did not meet the recommendations. Given sex differences in meeting the movement behaviour recommendations, public health strategies need to consider targeted interventions aimed at improving adherence to these guidelines, particularly focusing on reducing recreational screen time and increasing physical activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".