Insights into draw-induced refractive index changes in intrinsically low nonlinearity MCVD preforms and optical fibers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Power scaling of fiber lasers and amplifiers is currently limited by nonlinear optical effects, such as transverse mode instability (TMI) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Addressing optical nonlinearities through a material approach allows for such challenges to be confronted at their source - the interaction of the light and the material, lessening the need for complex fiber designs. However, effectively mitigating these issues through compositional engineering requires considerably higher dopant concentrations than are now typical for the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) derived silicate glasses from which modern commercial laser fibers are made. Fibers doped with high concentrations of P 2 O 5 and B 2 O 3 experience additional fabrication challenges, including draw-induced refractive index changes. Reported herein are index changes of up to six milliunits from this system, compared to index changes of fractions of a milliunit common in industry-standard compositions. More specifically, a passive borophosphosilicate fiber with a core composition of approximately 10 wt.% P 2 O 5 and 15 wt.% B 2 O 3 is investigated to determine the potential sources of these index changes. These investigations include explorations of glass topology by NMR and Raman spectroscopy, as well as the first direct evidence of the formation of boron phosphate (BPO 4 ) linkages in MCVD optical fibers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".