Effects of dietary rumen undegradable protein:rumen degradable protein ratio on nitrogen metabolism in Hanwoo steers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of dietary rumen undegradable protein (RUP): rumen degradable protein (RDP) ratio on growth performance, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and rumen and blood parameters in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers. METHODS: Eight Hanwoo steers (average body weight, 393 kg) were allocated to two groups and fed with a high RUP:RDP ratio (46.9:53.1 based on crude protein) or a low RUP:RDP ratio (30.6:69.4) concentrate with iso-crude protein content in a 2×2 Latin square design in two successive periods. RESULTS: The high RUP:RDP group had higher (p<0.01) average daily gain, and lower (p<0.05) ruminal ammonia and plasma urea N concentrations than the low RUP:RDP group. The high RUP:RDP group had lower (p<0.05) urinary N excretion and urinary N per N intake and higher (p<0.1) tendency of retained N than the low RUP:RDP group. The high RUP:RDP group had higher (p<0.1) tendency of N utilization efficiency (retained N per N intake: 28.7% vs. 25.5%) than the low RUP:RDP group. The high RUP:RDP group had a lower (p<0.1) tendency of urinary N per total N excretion, but a higher tendency of fecal N per total N excretion. CONCLUSION: A high ratio of dietary RUP:RDP may improve N utilization efficiency by reducing urinary N excretion, which may be beneficial for the environment through reducing atmospheric ammonia emissions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".