Microglial Activation Visualized by [<scp><sup>18</sup>F</scp>]‐<scp>DPA714 PET</scp> Is a Potential Marker of Severity and Prognosis for Anti‐<scp>LGI1</scp> Encephalitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background and Purpose Whether microglial activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), such as anti‐leucine‐rich, glioma‐inactivated‐1 (LGI1) encephalitis, remains unknown. [ 18 F]‐DPA714 PET targeting the translocator protein (TSPO) is a novel method to detect neuroinflammation via visualizing activated microglia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the application of [ 18 F]‐DPA714 PET in anti‐LGI1 encephalitis. Methods Patients with anti‐LGI1 encephalitis and non‐inflammatory controls (NIC) underwent [ 18 F]‐DPA714 PET scans were enrolled. Standardized uptake value ratios normalized to the cerebellum (SUVRc) in LGI1‐AE patients were calculated for semi‐quantitative analysis. The microglial activation marker, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to demonstrate its correlation with [ 18 F]‐DPA714 PET imaging. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential predictors of prognosis. Results Forty‐six patients with anti‐LGI1 encephalitis were included in this study. Increased TSPO uptake was identified in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and caudate nucleus. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score was significantly correlated with SUVRc in the hippocampus ( R 2 = 0.13, p = 0.034) and frontal cortex ( R 2 = 0.13, p = 0.017). Overexpressed sTREM2 in CSF was correlated with SUVRc in the hippocampus ( R 2 = 0.18, p = 0.04). SUVRc in the hippocampus significantly decreased after immunotherapy and was associated with improvement of MoCA score ( R 2 = 0.54, p = 0.023). Increased SUVRc in the frontal cortex and hippocampus was associated with unfavorable disability recovery (odds ratio [OR] = 7.1, 95% CI 1.67–29.9, p = 0.008) and persistent amnesia (OR = 5.4, 95% CI 1.3–22.2, p = 0.021) respectively. Conclusion Microglial activation visualized by [ 18 F]‐DPA714 PET is associated with clinical features and may be used as a potential biomarker for therapeutic and prognostic evaluation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".