How Children's Experiences and Perceptions of Their School Food Environment Influence Their Food‐Related Decisions In‐School in Urban Ghana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
School food environments play an important role in shaping children's food-related decisions, including where and what foods to acquire and consume on a school day. In Ghana, evidence indicates that food environments in and around schools may limit healthy food acquisition and consumption behaviour. This study aimed to understand how children's experiences and perceptions of their school food environment influence food acquisition and consumption decisions. Data from 18 focus group discussions with children (n = 157; aged 10-17 years) attending Public Basic Schools in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana were analysed, guided by the African urban food environment framework for creating healthy nutrition policies and interventions. Children's food decisions in school were found to be influenced by experiences and perceptions at multiple food environment levels: macro, physical and social levels in combination with individual-level factors. At the macro level, exposure to food advertisements on television emerged as an influence on food-related decisions. At the physical level, experiences and perceptions of environmental sanitation, food vendor hygiene practices, affordability, and food quality were consistently reported to influence decisions. Social-level experiences including influence from friends/peers, family (mostly caregivers/parents) and social qualities of food vendors also shaped food-related decisions. Caregiver/parental dietary advice was often linked to healthier acquisition and consumption decisions by children in school. The findings highlight the need for actions that work in synergy across multiple levels of the school food environment to create conditions that support children to acquire and consume healthier diets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".