ЧЕРНЫЙ И КОРИЧНЕВЫЙ УГЛЕРОД И СЕЛЕКТИВНОЕ ПОГЛОЩЕНИЕ РАДИАЦИИ ДЫМОВЫМ АЭРОЗОЛЕМ ПРИ МАССОВЫХ ЛЕСНЫХ ПОЖАРАХ НА АЛЯСКЕ В 2019 Г. И В КАНАДЕ В 2023 Г
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Возникающая при массовых лесных пожарах дымная мгла радикально меняет радиационный режим атмосферы на больших территориях. Изменчивость потоков коротковолновой радиации в задымленной атмосфере обусловлена вариациями оптических и микрофизических характеристик дымового аэрозоля, включая спектральные зависимости мнимой части коэффициента преломления, которые определяются присутствием в частицах дымового аэрозоля черного углерода, коричневого углерода и селективно поглощающих радиацию органических соединений. В работе с использованием данных AERONET проанализированы вышеуказанные спектральные зависимости во время массовых лесных пожаров на Аляске в 2019 г. и в Канаде в 2023 г., в том числе при экстремальном поглощении радиации черным углеродом и коричневым углеродом, когда мнимая часть коэффициента преломления на длине волны 440 нм достигала 0,50 и 0,27 соответственно. Обнаружены умеренные проявления селективного поглощения радиации дымовым аэрозолем в видимой и ближней инфракрасной областях спектра. Предложены аппроксимации спектральных зависимостей мнимой части коэффициента преломления. Приведены оценки аэрозольного радиационного форсинга на верхней границе атмосферы для экстремальных проявлений поглощения радиации в видимой и ближней инфракрасной областях спектра черным углеродом, коричневым углеродом и при аномальном селективном поглощении. Полученные результаты представляют интерес при оценке изменчивости радиационного режима атмосферы и при разработке методов дистанционного зондирования атмосферы. The smoky haze that occurs during massive forest fires radically transforms the radiation regime of the atmosphere over large areas, which is significantly influenced by the variability of the imaginary part of the refractive index of smoke aerosol. The variability of shortwave radiation fluxes in a smoke-laden atmosphere is driven by variations in the optical and microphysical properties of smoke aerosols, including the spectral dependencies of the imaginary part of the refractive index. These dependencies are determined by the presence of black carbon, brown carbon, and radiation-selective absorbing organic compounds in the aerosol particles. This study analyzes the aforementioned spectral dependencies using AERONET data during large-scale wildfires in Alaska in 2019 and Canada in 2023. The analysis includes cases of extreme radiation absorption by black and brown carbon, where the imaginary part of the refractive index at a wavelength of 440 nm reached 0.50 and 0.27, respectively. Variations in the spectral dependence of the imaginary part of the refractive index during moderate manifestations of selective absorption of smoke aerosol during massive fires in Alaska and Canada are analyzed. Approximations for the spectral dependence of the imaginary part of the refractive index are proposed. Estimates of aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere are given for extreme manifestations of radiation absorption in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions by black carbon and brown carbon and during anomalous selective absorption. The results indicate a need in the detailed study of large-scale atmospheric smoke.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.034 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".