COMPARING THE EFFECT OF TOE-IN GAIT MODIFICATION ALONG WITH CONVENTIONAL PHYSIOTHERAPY IN PEOPLE WITH MEDIAL KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disorder characterized by pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility, significantly impacting daily activities and quality of life. Conventional physiotherapy remains a primary non-surgical treatment, focusing on pain relief and functional improvement. However, biomechanical interventions, such as gait modification, have shown potential in redistributing joint loads and alleviating symptoms. Toe-in gait modification has been proposed as an adjunct to standard physiotherapy, potentially enhancing clinical outcomes by reducing medial knee loading and knee adduction moment (KAM). Objective: This study investigates the additional benefits of integrating toe-in gait modification with conventional physiotherapy in individuals with medial knee OA. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at Al Madinah Medical Center and Sukoon Rehab Center, enrolling 34 participants diagnosed with medial knee OA. Participants were randomly assigned to two intervention groups: Group A received conventional physiotherapy, while Group B underwent conventional physiotherapy with toe-in gait modification. The intervention was administered three times per week for eight weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Data were analyzed using parametric statistical tests. Results: At baseline, the mean pain score (NPRS) was 7.30 (SD = 0.984) in Group A and 7.86 (SD = 1.219) in Group B. By the eighth week, pain scores decreased to 4.45 (SD = 1.051) and 4.39 (SD = 1.00), respectively (p < 0.01). Functional outcomes also improved, with WOMAC scores declining from 40.53 (SD = 4.888) in Group A and 43.29 (SD = 5.047) in Group B at baseline to 23.06 (SD = 7.301) and 21.35 (SD = 2.029) by week eight (p < 0.01). Group B exhibited slightly superior improvements in both pain and function. Conclusion: Toe-in gait modification, when combined with conventional physiotherapy, demonstrated significant improvements in pain reduction and functional enhancement in individuals with medial knee OA. While both interventions were effective, the addition of gait modification provided slightly greater benefits, suggesting its potential as a complementary strategy in OA management. Further research is required to explore long-term effects and optimize individualized rehabilitation approaches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".