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Record W4408282425 · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000168

Re-imagining approaches for mental health and substance use health workforce regulation in Canada: Making room for dynamic tensions

2025· article· en· W4408282425 on OpenAlexafffundabout
Micheala Slipp, Sophia Myles, Jelena Atanackovic, Gordon Garner, Mary Bartram, Ivy Lynn Bourgeault, Kathleen Leslie

Bibliographic record

VenuePLOS mental health. · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicPrimary Care and Health Outcomes
Canadian institutionsCarleton UniversityLaurentian UniversityMental Health Commission of CanadaUniversity of OttawaBC Mental Health & Substance Use ServicesAthabasca University
FundersCanadian Institutes of Health Research
KeywordsWorkforceMental healthSubstance usePsychologySociologyPolitical sciencePsychiatryLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Regulation of the mental health and substance use health (MHSUH) workforce affects not only quality but also the availability and accessibility of services. This study explores the perspectives of subject matter experts on how flexible, modern regulatory reforms in the MHSUH workforce can promote more equitable access to services and the impact of regulation on service safety, quality, accessibility, and the workforce. Between January and March 2023, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 subject matter experts from diverse MHSUH provider groups and organizations. Participants shared insights on regulation, quality assurance, and relevant policies that shape equitable access to MHSUH services and workforce dynamics. The data were analyzed thematically, and findings were validated by the project's diverse advisory committee. The analysis generated four themes that underscore the need to re-imagine regulatory approaches in a way that makes room for the dynamic tension between standardization and protection of the public on the one hand, and flexibility and respect for the value of lived expertise on the other. These themes include: (1) the impact of policy exclusion, criminalization, and stigma of MHSUH; (2) gaps in regulation limit access and the protection of the public; (3) the dynamic tension between standardization and flexibility in regulatory approaches; and (4) policies to support the integration of lived experience into the MHSUH and broader health workforce are limited. In conclusion, re-imagined regulatory approaches are essential for ensuring equitable access to MHSUH services and addressing significant gaps in workforce planning. An adapted right-touch regulation approach, which aligns regulatory interventions with the level of risk, may help guide future reforms for the MHSUH workforce in Canada. This approach should balance the need to appropriately manage risks of harm while avoiding unnecessary barriers to practice across the spectrum of MHSUH providers.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Commentary · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.684
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0030.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.159
GPT teacher head0.418
Teacher spread0.259 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreCommentary

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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