TRENDS IN CHOROIDAL VASCULARITY INDEX IN COGNITIVELY NORMAL INDIVIDUALS
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To establish a normative database of choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in cognitively normal adults. METHODS: Cognitively healthy volunteers who had a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score of 23 or higher were included. Exclusion criteria included diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hypertension, glaucoma, optic neuropathy, vitreoretinal disorders, intraocular surgery other than cataract or refractive, and visual acuity worse than 20/40. Enhanced depth optical coherence tomography images were taken. CVI was calculated from total choroidal area (TCA) and luminal area (LA). RESULTS: Overall average CVI was 67.0% ± 0.026%, mean TCA was 7.105 ± 4.618, and LA was 4.676 ± 2.843. There was no significant influence of sex on CVI (mean 66.9% females, 67.2% males, p-value 0.444). Age was not strongly associated with CVI with R-squared values all below 0.021. 504 eyes (89.4%) were from White participants, 43 from Black participants (7.50%), 6 from Asian participants, and 12 from other/unreported race. Race did not have a significant influence on mean CVI (67.1% White, 67.3% Black, 66.5% Asian, 64.0% other/not reported, p = 0.073). No statistically significant associations were identified between CVI and the presence of hypertension or cardiac disease. CONCLUSIONS: CVI is a durable metric across several demographic factors and presence of hypertension and/or cardiac disease. Following additional studies, CVI may be a useful biomarker for neurologic, retinal, and choroidal diseases.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it