Evolution, speed, and precession of the parsec-scale jet in the 3C 84 radio galaxy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present high-resolution images of the radio source 3C 84 at 43 GHz from 121 observations conducted by the BEAM-ME monitoring program between 2010 and 2023. Imaging was performed using the recent forward modeling imaging method eht-imaging ; it achieved a resolution of 80 μas, which is a factor of ∼2−3 better than traditional imaging methods such as CLEAN. The sequence of images depicts the growth and expansion of the parsec-scale relativistic jet in 3C 84; it clearly shows a complex internal structure with bending in the jet and changes in its launching direction and expansion speed. We report measurements of the expansion speed over time, which show that the jet goes through three regimes, marked by the start and end of a hot spot frustration phase. The high resolution of the images also allowed us to measure the projected launching direction as a function of time, and we find an irregular variation pattern. Our results confirm previous studies of the morphological transition undergone by 3C 84 and provide quantitative measurements of the jet’s kinematic properties over a decade-long timescale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".