The moderating roles of social support and spirituality in the relationship between complicated grief and quality of life among women who have experienced pregnancy loss
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is widely known that losing a baby is a stressful experience in a woman's life. However, the mechanisms through which loss and grief affect mental health are complex and multifaceted. Based on the framework of stress-and-coping theory, this cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the potential moderating effects of social support, resilience, and spirituality on the relationship between complicated grief and quality of life among women who have experienced pregnancy loss. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE: Data from paper-pencil surveys were obtained from 333 Bavarian females aged 18-67 years who had suffered the loss of a pregnancy. Moderated regression modelling using 5,000 bootstrap confidence intervals was conducted to test the hypotheses. RESULTS: The results confirmed the moderating role of spirituality and social support. More specifically, the relationship between complicated grief and quality of life was significant when social support or spirituality was low and non-significant when levels of each moderator were high. While resilience was a positive predictor of quality of life, it did not prove to be a significant moderator in the impact of complicated grief. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that healthcare providers and support systems should consider tailoring interventions that focus on spirituality and social support to break the negative impact of experiences related to pregnancy loss on overall mental health. Nevertheless, it is important to note that the data were drawn from support groups organized by Caritas Germany, underscoring the need for more diverse demographic representation to enhance generaliz-ability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".