Bibliographic record
Abstract
Original antigenic sin (OAS) describes the phenomenon in which prior exposure to an antigen weakens the adaptive antibody response to a subsequent heterologous infection. This phenomenon can diminish the effectiveness of immunity acquired through vaccination or previous infections. We demonstrate that OAS arises because CD4+ T cell proliferation and regulation signals are antigen-nonspecific. Rapidly responding memory CD4+ T cells trigger regulatory T cell (Tregs) responses, which prematurely suppress the naïve CD4+ T cell response, leading to a similar OAS effect in CD4+ T cells. This mechanism is illustrated through a mathematical model incorporating naïve and memory CD4+ T cell proliferation, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and Tregs. The model, calibrated with experimental data, employs numerical simulations to analyse how CD4+ T cell responses vary with the degree of cross-reactivity between memory CD4+ T cells and the antigen associated with the secondary infection. The findings indicate that the immune response is weakest at an intermediate level of cross-reactivity, a key characteristic of OAS. This mechanism may also explain OAS in antibody responses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".