Assessment of Penetration Depth of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Synthetic Dental Minerals
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dental caries is a prevalent global health issue characterized by the progressive demineralization of dental tissues, which occurs when the balance between demineralization and remineralization processes is disrupted at the tooth level. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has gained recognition for its ability to arrest caries. However, its interaction with mineralized tissues remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the chemical interactions between SDF and mineralized bioceramics, using hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) as analogs for enamel and dentin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to identify functional groups and quantify elemental compositions at varying depths. FTIR analysis revealed structural modifications in HA and β-TCP. XPS demonstrated high retention of fluoride, with limited penetration into deeper layers, while silver exhibited deeper penetration. These findings suggest that SDF primarily acts on superficial layers, forming calcium fluoride and silver phosphate as key reaction products. These findings highlight the potential of SDF in managing deep carious lesions by demonstrating its ability to form a protective CaF2 layer at the surface while allowing deeper penetration of silver ions into mineralized tissues. This dual mechanism may contribute to SDF’s clinical efficacy in arresting caries and preventing further demineralization.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it