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Exploring the Role and Opportunity of the Visitor Economy for Main Streets in Canada

2025· article· en· W4408316011 on OpenAlexaffabout
Natasha Francis, Tom Griffin, Walter Jamieson

Bibliographic record

VenueTourism Review International · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicDiverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Canadian institutionsToronto Metropolitan University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsVisitor patternEconomyEconomic geographyBusinessEconomicsComputer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Main streets are community hubs of economic and cultural activity, often represented by a business organization tasked with improving the experience and environment through place making and management, and marketing to attract visitors. These responsibilities often overlap with the functions and roles of tourism destination organizations but on a more local level. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to advance conceptualizations of the visitor economy and main streets as destinations to further understand their role and potential within tourism destination frameworks. This qualitative exploratory study involved a thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with 36 representatives of Canadian main street organizations [Business Improvement Areas (BIAs)]. Findings demonstrate that visitor economy engagement is part of the work and function of main street organizations, and that main streets are both destinations in their own right and components of wider regional tourism systems. COVID-19 created immediate and potentially sustained demand for local travel and lad to the establishment and strengthening of partnerships between organizations representing communities at different scales. Incorporating main streets into the wider destination ecosystem could help maximize visitor economy opportunities benefiting both the local and wider destinations. This study contributes to the conceptual understanding of main streets as destinations, and the visitor economy. Main streets and the organizations that represent them are positioned as key actors in the management and marketing of destinations, a topic receiving limited attention in the literature.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.748
Threshold uncertainty score0.409

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.058
GPT teacher head0.328
Teacher spread0.270 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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