Non-pharmacological interventions for perinatal depression and anxiety among adolescent mothers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Perinatal depression and anxiety are the most common mental health disorders among pregnant and postpartum adolescents. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions exist for perinatal depression and anxiety; however, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in adolescent mothers. To identify, evaluate, and summarize the available evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment of perinatal depression and anxiety in adolescent mothers. We followed the Cochrane guidelines in conducting the reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines in reporting the findings. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), interventional studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies of non-pharmacological interventions that assessed depression and/or anxiety symptoms or diagnoses after intervention in adolescent mothers were eligible for inclusion. We searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO, as well as the reference lists of relevant studies and grey literature. We identified eight clinical trials that were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review ( n = 806); four of these studies were eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis ( n = 451). Non-pharmacological interventions (specifically Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)) for depressive symptoms showed small to moderate effects (SMD: -0.57, 95 % CI: −0.77, −0.36; p -value<0.001) in the intervention groups compared to the control groups. Non-pharmacological interventions, specifically CBT and IPT, may be effective in treating perinatal depression among adolescent mothers. These interventions could be successfully delivered by trained health care professionals in health care settings such as antenatal clinics. • Perinatal depression and anxiety are common among adolescent pregnant women • There is limited evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions among adolescent mothers. • Non-pharmacological interventions, specifically CBT and IPT, may be effective for the treatment of perinatal depression among adolescent pregnant women • Trained health care professionals can successfully deliver these mental health interventions in health care settings such as antenatal care clinics
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.030 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.023 | 0.038 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".