5G-based Ground Risk Mitigation for UAVs: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The emergence of the Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) unlocked a wide range of new applications across various domains, such as urban transportation, package delivery, and aerial surveillance. However, due to the possibility of losing control and collisions, BVLOS operations present several risks to people on the ground. Therefore, it is crucial to minimize safety risks by flying UAVs along paths that traverse less populated areas. Nevertheless, implementing such a solution requires access to real-time data on the population density distribution across UAV operational areas. Consequently, in this paper, we harness the network exposure capabilities of 5G mobile networks, proposing a framework that integrates the UAV Traffic Management (UTM) system with the 5G Core (5GC). The proposed framework can collect real-time information about the density of mobile users in Areas of Interest (AoI), leveraging this data to estimate ground risks and subsequently devise optimized flight paths. Moreover, we propose a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) solution to compute optimized flight paths. The simulation results show the efficiency of our proposed solution to achieve the designed goals in terms of reducing the experienced ground risk and total flight distance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".