Enabling High Capacity Flexible Optical Backhaul Data Transmission Using PDM-OAM Multiplexing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents and investigates a free space optics (FSO) transmission technique that utilizes polarization division multiplexing (PDM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing. The aim is to provide an effective and reliable backhauling solution. The transmission system uses four-level-pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signals achieving a high capacity of 400 Gbps. Two orthogonal polarized beams of 1550 nm Laser diode are used. For each polarized beam, 4 OAM beams are further generated, and each OAM beam transports 50 Gbps data using PAM-4 modulation over the free space channel. The impact of varying FSO ranges on the system performance under clear weather sky (sunny), light rain (LR), medium rain (MR), and heavy rain (HR) is considered. The bit error rate (BER) metric is used to evaluate the proposed system's performance. Results from the simulation indicate that transmission of 400 Gbps is achieved successfully with a range of 1800 m, 900 m, 775 m, and 537 m under clear weather, LR, MR, and HF, respectively, with an acceptable Log(BER) of -2.42 for ultra-FEC limit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".