Morphological covariates of the ontogenetic shift from nauplii to copepodite prey in larval fish
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Larval fish are active planktonic predators, with many species feeding initially on copepod nauplii and gradually shifting their selection to copepodites. This study evaluated whether it is possible to develop a general widely applicable empirical model to describe the transition from feeding on copepod nauplii to copepodites in relation to body length, maxilla length and eye diameter. The study also evaluated whether the switch to copepodites is linked to what prey are in the stomach or which copepodite species are replacing nauplii in the diet was also considered. The high degree of covariation among the three morphometric variables makes it difficult to establish statistical differences among predictive models. However, the highest overall fit to a logistic model and accuracy in the transition from nauplii to copepodites are achieved when eye diameter is used as a predictive variable. There are also fewer significant differences in the residuals among fish taxa in the case of eye diameter relative to the other morphometric variables. Fish taxa that shift their diet from copepod nauplii to prey on cyclopoid copepodites demonstrate a slower ontogenetic transition away from nauplii than taxa that shift to calanoid copepodites. Eye diameter may be a stronger predictor of the shift in diet because it contributes to most of the processes that make up the foraging sequence of larval fish prey-predator interactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".