Microbiota associated with caries and apical periodontitis: A next‐generation sequencing study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: This study investigated the correlation between microbiota of caries-free enamel and caries-affected dentine biofilms and that of root canals with primary apical periodontitis, by using an Illumina MiSeq platform. METHODOLOGY: Biofilm from caries-free enamel surface (Biofilm-C) or caries-affected dentine (Biofilm-E) and root canal paper point samples (Canal) were collected from 31 teeth with primary apical periodontitis. Microbial composition was analysed by amplicon sequencing that targeted the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. Alpha and beta diversities of bacterial communities between sampling sites were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and pairwise permutational multivariate analysis of variance, respectively. Differentially abundant taxa identified using MaAsLin2 were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. RESULTS: Totals of 16 phyla, 130 genera and 314 species were identified. Distinct and shared bacterial communities were observed between biofilm and canal samples. No significant differences in alpha diversity were observed across all sampling sites. A total of 32 genera including Acinetobacter, [Eubacterium], Dialister, Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-006, Lawsonella, W5053, Phocaeicola, Mogibacterium, Pyramidobacter and Parvimonas were more abundant in Canal samples compared to both Biofilm-C and Biofilm-E. The genera Hallella, Lactobacillus, Shuttleworthella, Olsenella, Cryptobacterium, Alloprevotella, Phocaeicola, Limosilactobacillus, Selenomonadaceae and Anaeroglobus were increased significantly in Biofilm-E compared to Biofilm-C. Hallela multisaccharivorax, Olsenella uli, Lactobacilllus gasseri, Selenomonadaceae species and Scardovia inopinata exhibited higher abundance in both Biofilm-E and Canal, than Biofilm-C. These differences in bacterial composition among sampling sites, including the increased presence of specific taxa in caries-affected dentine and root canals, suggest that these microorganisms may contribute to the development of primary apical periodontitis. CONCLUSION: Bacterial community structure differed significantly between biofilm and root canal samples, but showed no significant differences among biofilm samples based on dental caries status. However, some taxa were shared among caries-affected lesions, including dentine and root canals. H. multisaccharivorax, O. uli, L. gasseri, Selenomonadaceae species and S. inopinata exhibited higher abundance in caries-affected dentine and root canals with primary apical periodontitis, suggesting that specific bacteria in caries-affected dentine play a crucial role in the development of root canal infections and the pathogenesis of primary apical periodontitis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".