Antal Molnár. <i>Confessionalization on the Frontier: The Balkan Catholics between Roman Reform and Ottoman Reality</i>.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since Schilling and Reinhard introduced it in the early 1980s, the confessionalization paradigm has hypothesized a new interpretative framework for investigating how institutional religion intersects with political, socioeconomic, and cultural trends in early modern societies. Although originally focused on Germany, it has since been applied to other case studies within and beyond Europe, including the Ottoman Empire. While innovative and valuable, the paradigm has its limitations, especially as regards the risks of generalization and misinterpretation. In his book Confessionalization on the Frontier: The Balkan Catholics between Roman Reform and Ottoman Reality, Antal Molnár successfully sidesteps these pitfalls of broad and uncritical applications of the concept of confessionalization and demonstrates its heuristic relevance for examining Catholic minorities in the Ottoman Balkans. In so doing, Molnár takes us through an impressive array of non-Ottoman primary sources and provides a detailed historical analysis of key reforms in the Catholic Church as they instantiate in the Balkans. The principal temporal framework of the book is the seventeenth century, when the Balkan missions were implemented, and the spatial is the Ottoman Empire. However, both time and place are presented as porous categories with regular interventions from the past and the outside, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of how political and religious factors gain meaning through specific and practical circumstances.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".