Quantitative ultrasound and photoacoustic assessments of red blood cell aggregation in the human radial artery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We develop concurrent US and photoacoustic (PA) imaging to characterize structural/physiological impact of in-vivo red blood cell (RBC) aggregation. PA images at 700/800/900 nm were collected from the radial arteries of 12 participants across age groups (20 s/30 s/40 s) alongside US images (21 MHz, VevoLAZR). RBC aggregate size was estimated from US-derived structure-factor-size-estimation ( D SFSE ) and PA-derived spectral-slope (SS), along with oxygen saturation (sO 2 ). At peak systole (PS), D SFSE PS and SS PS approximated 1 RBC and −0.1 dB/MHz, respectively, across all ages, with sO 2 PS values of 97.1 %, 94.7 %, and 93.0 % for each group. At end diastole (ED), D SFSE ED , SS ED and sO 2 ED values were 2.6, 3.4, and 4.7 RBCs; −0.7, −0.9, and −1.2 dB/MHz; and 98.7 %, 97.2 %, and 96.7 %, respectively. Differences between SS ED and SS PS (δSS) and sO 2 ED and sO 2 PS (δsO 2 ) increased with age, indicating aging-related increases in DSFSE and δSS, as well as decreases in sO 2 PS and sO 2 ED .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".