GAST: Gas tests at the GAs permeable Seal Test – Successes and lessons learned (Grimsel Test Site, CH)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The degradation of organic substances and metal components is expected to generate gases in radioactive waste repositories. Therefore, gas-permeable plugs and seals concepts have been developed to manage gas pressure development while ensuring the containment of radionuclides and other non-radioactive contaminants.The Gas permeable Seal Test (GAST) is an international project aimed at testing the feasibility and functionality of a gas-permeable seal under realistic scale and boundary conditions. The seal is made of a mixture of 80/20% sand/bentonite mixture and emplaced in the Grimsel Test Site (Switzerland).After a decade of progressive seal saturation and pressurisation with water, gas flow tests were carried out between May 2022 and August 2023. Noble gases (i.e. He, Ar, Xe) were used as tracers of gas transport through the seal section of the experiment.Consolidated interpretation of the results indicate that the gas path developed quickly through the seal (end-to-end-flow). Furthermore, the presence of the injected gas tracers both at the extraction point and in gas samples taken from inside the emplaced sand/bentonite layers demonstrated the existence of a gas phase within the seal. Finally, the absence of measurable gas leaks within the tunnel further confirmed the overall functionality of the seal system. AcknowledgementsGrimsel Test Site Staff for support onsiteSolexperts for hardware components, support in field and with measurementsEntracers and Hydroisotop for onsite and offsite gas analyses
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".