Evolutionary speed of proteins in the genus <i>Staphylococcus</i>: a focus on proteins involved in natural competence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bacteria in the genus Staphylococcus include human and animal pathogens. Although the genomic diversity of these bacteria is increasingly well characterized, the rate of protein evolution in staphylococci remains poorly understood. In this study, the genomic sequences of one representative from each of the 63 Staphylococcus species were downloaded from the RefSeq database. Homologous protein sequences were identified, and their evolutionary rates were inferred using a phylogenetic approach. The results demonstrated that some proteins evolve significantly faster than others, with several being involved in DNA-mediated transformation. Further analyses of the genomic sequences revealed that the evolutionary rate of proteins is correlated with codon adaptation of their genes, and that certain protein regions are more prone to accumulating mutations. This study highlights the more rapid evolution of specific proteins in staphylococci, likely reflecting the host diversity of these bacteria and their high adaptive capacity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".