Ice-sheet topography changes in North America affect teleconnection patterns on glacial time scales
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The topography of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during glacial periods, particularly the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), played a pivotal role in shaping atmospheric circulation and teleconnection patterns. This study investigates the impact of LIS elevation changes on global atmospheric dynamics using fully coupled paleoclimate simulations with the isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1.2. Previous studies have shown that a higher LIS elevation significantly amplifies Arctic warming, reducing the equator-to-pole temperature gradient and influencing jet streams and stationary waves (Liakka & Lofverstrom, 2018 ; Beghin et al., 2014 ; Lofverstrom et al., 2014). This mechanism may also extend to the Southern Hemisphere, affecting teleconnection pathways.By systematically modifying LIS elevation, we explore its role in altering large-scale atmospheric circulation features such as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), Southern Annular Mode (SAM), and Walker circulation, as well as modes of variability including El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We show the critical influence of LIS topography on global teleconnections and how ice sheet dynamics shaped glacial climate variability and atmospheric feedbacks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".