Protective role of a gravel-beach nourishment on built-up area during an extra tropical storm (Fiona, September 2022)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Faced with climate change and the increasing pressure exerted by marine dynamics on the coastline (notably coastal erosion and marine submersion), adapting impacted territories has become a major challenge. Several solutions exist to protect coastal communities. In Quebec, numerous beach nourishments have been completed or are currently underway. This type of solution is increasingly being implemented (Hinkel et al., 2013). However, follow-up studies are necessary to better quantify their impact on the coast, particularly through multidisciplinary approaches (socio-economic, ecological, geomorphological, etc.).In September 2022, an extratropical storm (Fiona) significantly affected Quebec's coastline. A heritage site of importance (Havre-Aubert, Îles-de-la-Madeleine) experienced significant marine submersion. A beach nourishment had been carried out shortly before this event. In-situ measurements were taken a few days before and after the storm, allowing for the creation of an exceptional dataset on the storm and its impacts on the site.This dataset was used to perform various numerical simulations with the open-source morphodynamic model XBeach (Roelvink et al., 2009). This model allows for different computation modes: phase-averaged or phase-resolved, as well as a specific mode for gravel beaches (XBeach-G, McCall et al., 2014). All these configurations were used to simulate this storm event with and without the beach nourishment. The results of these simulations are compared and discussed.Our results show that the nourishment played a protective role by significantly reducing marine submersion and damage to infrastructure. Under the impact of the storm, the nourishment rapidly adjusted towards a Dean-type equilibrium profile. A reprofiling of the nourishment was observed without significant sediment loss offshore. Hinkel, J., Nicholls, R. J., Tol, R. S., Wang, Z. B., Hamilton, J. M., Boot, G., ... & Klein, R. J. (2013). A global analysis of erosion of sandy beaches and sea-level rise: An application of DIVA. Global and Planetary change, 111, 150-158.McCall, R. T., Masselink, G., Poate, T. G., Roelvink, J. A., Almeida, L. P., Davidson, M., & Russell, P. E. (2014). Modelling storm hydrodynamics on gravel beaches with XBeach-G. Coastal Engineering, 91, 231-250.Roelvink, D., Reniers, A., Van Dongeren, A. P., De Vries, J. V. T., McCall, R., & Lescinski, J. (2009). Modelling storm impacts on beaches, dunes and barrier islands. Coastal engineering, 56(11-12), 1133-1152.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".