Inverse design of polymer-based polarization-insensitive wavelength demultiplexers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The unpredictable polarization of light in network fibers necessitates polarization-independent wavelength demultiplexing for reliable optical communications. This work combines polymer refractive index tunability with topology optimization-based inverse design to develop high-performance two- and four-channel polarization-insensitive wavelength demultiplexers (PIWDMs) for O-band and C-band operation. Optimization studies reveal that a polymer refractive index of 1.7 enables strong mode confinement and minimizes scattering loss, making it ideal for polymer-based PIWDMs. The best-performing two-channel PIWDM achieves an insertion loss (IL) below 1 dB, crosstalk (CT) under −17dB, and polarization-dependent loss (PDL) below 0.32 dB. Fabrication tolerance analysis confirms device robustness within a −10 to +20nm error range. Using optimized structures across different footprints, the four-channel PIWDM achieves an IL between 0.87 and 1.48 dB, a CT from −17.28 to −23.66dB, and a PDL below 0.61 dB. These PIWDMs offer an efficient, easily manufacturable solution for integrated photonic systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".