Inverse design of polymer-based polarization-insensitive wavelength demultiplexers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The unpredictable polarization of light in network fibers necessitates polarization-independent wavelength demultiplexing for reliable optical communications. This work combines polymer refractive index tunability with topology optimization-based inverse design to develop high-performance two- and four-channel polarization-insensitive wavelength demultiplexers (PIWDMs) for O-band and C-band operation. Optimization studies reveal that a polymer refractive index of 1.7 enables strong mode confinement and minimizes scattering loss, making it ideal for polymer-based PIWDMs. The best-performing two-channel PIWDM achieves an insertion loss (IL) below 1 dB, crosstalk (CT) under −17dB, and polarization-dependent loss (PDL) below 0.32 dB. Fabrication tolerance analysis confirms device robustness within a −10 to +20nm error range. Using optimized structures across different footprints, the four-channel PIWDM achieves an IL between 0.87 and 1.48 dB, a CT from −17.28 to −23.66dB, and a PDL below 0.61 dB. These PIWDMs offer an efficient, easily manufacturable solution for integrated photonic systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".