Building a ‘cultural city’: Heritage, identity, and the politics of reconstruction in Bhaktapur, Nepal
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nepal's devastating 2015 earthquakes prompted anxious attention to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)-designated World Heritage sites in the Kathmandu Valley and the means and methods for rebuilding damaged monuments and residences. As a value-loaded concept, the debate over ‘heritage’ today lays bare tensions between the national government and local authorities over the use of foreign experts, building techniques and materials, and the appropriate aesthetics for heritage reconstruction. Drawing upon ethnographic data, archival material, and photo documentation from the city of Bhaktapur – one of the three major urban areas of the Kathmandu valley – we trace how local autonomous political power and heritage management unfolded interdependently over time. By considering contestations over the styles of private houses, public temples and former royal palaces, we show how heritage becomes the site of power struggles between a municipality and the national government, between the locally powerful Newar Indigenous community and the nationally dominant caste Hindu hill elite, between private homeowners and public officials. Our findings build on the values-based approach to heritage studies through a focus on heritage as the material manifestation of community values, but also the site where those values are continually contested.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it