Short-term EEG Outcomes in Children With Developmental and/or Epileptic Encephalopathy With Spike and Wave Activation in Sleep (DEE-SWAS) Treated With High-Dose Diazepam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: This retrospective study enrolled consecutive children aged 2-18 years with developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike and wave during sleep (D)EE-SWAS who received oral high-dose diazepam therapy. Their clinical, electroencephalographic (EEG), and radiologic data were reviewed and summarized. Results: Thirty-five eligible patients were identified. The mean age at EEG diagnosis of (D)EE-SWAS was 6 years. Focal seizures (57.1%) were most commonly noted at the time of diagnosis. A definite language regression was reported in 10 patients (28.6%). The etiologies included structural (34.3%), genetic (22.9%), and unknown (42.9%). The mean spike-wave index at the time of high-dose diazepam initiation was 88.9% (standard deviation 11%). Sixteen patients (45.7%) showed ≥50% reduction in spike-wave index following the test doses of high-dose diazepam. Most patients tolerated the therapy well. Nonstructural etiology was associated with a good EEG response (β = 2.61, P = .008). The mean duration of follow-up after EEG diagnosis was 6.1 years. All patients were seizure free at last follow-up except one. Persisting SWAS (spike-wave index > 50%) at last follow-up was noted in 12 patients (34.3%). Conclusions: This single-center small retrospective study showed that nearly half of the patients showed ≥50% reduction in spike-wave index following the test doses of high-dose diazepam in patients with (D)EE-SWAS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".