Numerical response of Trypodendron lineatum to hemlock looper defoliation in boreal balsam fir forest
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hemlock looper is one of the most damaging insect defoliators in Canada, often killing trees after only one or two years of heavy defoliation. A study on the short-term succession of saproxylic beetles after a hemlock looper outbreak highlighted the dominance of the striped ambrosia beetle in boreal balsam fir stands heavily defoliated by this looper. In the present study, we measured the numerical response of this ambrosia beetle to balsam fir defoliation. Our objectives were to determine 1) the defoliation threshold triggering massive colonization of balsam fir trees by the striped ambrosia beetle, using emergence traps placed around tree trunks and 2) if the upcoming colonization could be forecasted with multidirectional flight-interception traps or trunk-window traps. Results showed that colonization only began when balsam fir trees reached 95 % defoliation. Trees reaching this threshold had 54 % probability of being massively colonized as indicated by the emergence of hundreds of beetles from single trees over the summer. The probability of massive colonization reached 61 % when defoliation was total. Both, the trunk-window trap and the multidirectional flight-interception trap, proved reliable in predicting striped ambrosia beetle attacks. Either trap captured this beetle in all plots where at least one tree had been massively colonized. These traps could thus be helpful for monitoring populations of the striped ambrosia beetle, predicting tree colonization and planning salvage logging plans. • Hemlock looper feeding on balsam firs does not trigger immediate secondary attacks. • Fully defoliated firs during the first summer will be avoided by secondary beetles. • 2 years after heavy defoliation, only Trypodendron lineatum colonizes fir boles. • Interception traps are efficient to monitor T. lineatum signs of colonization. • 95 % defoliation threshold and traps may help managers optimizing salvage logging.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".