The moderating role of subjective daytime sleepiness in the associations between sleep duration and brain morphology in school-aged children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: The alignment between greater sleep demands and heightened neuroplasticity in childhood suggests that sleep plays a key role in brain maturation. While sleep duration is commonly accepted as a marker for adequate sleep, this indicator overlooks differences in individual sleep needs. Subjective perception of sleepiness may offer additional insight into sleep insufficiency relative to individual needs. This study aimed to investigate the associations between sleep duration and brain morphology in typically developing children, and the moderating effect of subjective sleepiness in these associations. METHODS: In 81 children (45 boys, 10.53 years old), actigraphy-derived estimates of sleep duration were obtained over 5-7 days, and subjective daytime sleepiness was self-reported. Gray matter volume (GMV) was estimated for 11 brain regions. Linear associations between sleep duration and regional GMV were tested, along with the interaction between sleepiness and sleep duration in relation to regional GMV. RESULTS: Sleep duration negatively correlated with GMV in the insula at the group level. Subjective sleepiness moderated the relationship between sleep duration and GMV, with associations found in the hippocampus and middle temporal gyrus for children prone to sleepiness, and in the precuneus for those without sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggest that normative variations in sleep duration may bear on child brain morphology, with distinct associations at varying levels of subjective daytime sleepiness in regions subsuming executive functioning and memory consolidation. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating both objective and subjective aspects of sleep in future research on sleep health and neurodevelopment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".