Biochar enhances seed germination and crop early growth for sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biochar (BC) application to low-fertility soils enhances crop yield, soil quality, and sustainable agricultural production. Although many studies have explored the effects of biochar on tropical crops, research specific to Bangladesh is limited. Given the agrarian system in Bangladesh, dense population, and vulnerability to climate change, adopting sustainable agricultural practices is essential. This study evaluates the impact of different biochar dosages on the germination and early growth of five major crops Oryza sativa (rice), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Capsicum annuum (chili), Solanum melongena (eggplant), and Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) using Acacia auriculiformis wood-waste biochar. The research was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a nursery setting. Biochar treatments of 10 t/ha and 15 t/ha were applied, with assessments made of germination (%), germination rate (after 7 days), shoot height (cm), root height (cm), leaf number, and root-shoot dry weight ratio. The results indicated a significant (p < 0.001) increase in germination (%) with higher biochar application rates. The linear mixed-effects model showed a significant effect of biochar treatment on germination (%) (F = 57.33, p < 0.001) and a significant interaction with crop type (F = 15.84, p < 0.001). In C. annuum, the 15 t/ha treatment resulted in a 96% increase in germination compared to the control (43.3 ± 1.08% vs 85.1 ± 2.15%). Similarly, in O. sativa, germination was significantly higher with the 10 t/ha (84.5 ± 1.52%) and 15 t/ha (91.8 ± 1.49%) treatments compared to control (59.3 ± 2.38%). Biochar significantly (p < 0.05) influenced early germination rates (after 7 days) and early growth parameters (e.g., shoot length, leaf count, root-shoot ratio), with the 15 t/ha treatment showing substantial improvements for C. annuum and O. sativa, while no significant effects were observed for S. lycopersicum. These findings underscore the potential of A. auriculiformis in enhancing germination and early growth of economically important crops, highlighting its role in promoting sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".