Methodist missions, Ojibwe copper and civilisational education in Upper Canada (Ontario) / Anishinaabewaki
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The chapter explores the Ojibwe Methodist missions in Upper Canada (Ontario) / Anishinaabewaki and their relation to the extractive industries. The exceptionally ‘successful’ Methodist missions in the region contributed to the inscription of settler colonial sovereignty through a ‘settler colonial mesh’ of civilisational education. Methodist missions promoted the idea that Ojibwe are ‘civilisable’ and that Christianising education can be the solution to the ‘Indian problem’. In turn, the ‘civilised Ojibwe’ came to figure in the transnational narratives of the Aborigines’ Protection Society, grounding the supposedly humanitarian case for the ongoing expansion of British Empire. Situating the story of those missions alongside that of Canadian copper mining, the chapter argues that this is another key site of emergence of the geology of race – framed through the aesthetic of extractivist exorcism. Drawing on Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, Jasbir Puar and other scholars, the chapter explores the sovereign abuse drive (a supplement to what Audra Simpson names the sovereign death drive of settler colonies) animating the regime of civilisational education. The dependence of evangelical faith on encounters with ‘savage’ states – as outlined in Chapter 1 – adds to the theory of this infrastructure of abuse. The role of extractive industries in these religious-colonial histories highlights that the racist ordering of forms of religious life is a technology of mineral extraction as much as biopolitical life maximisation. The chapter concludes with reflections on struggles over extraction in twenty-first-century Anishinaabewaki and the endurance of the evangelical extractivist-exorcist aesthetic within technologies of settler colonial power.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".