Influence of Living Arrangements on Perioperative Cognitive Dysfunction Among Elderly Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The authors' aim in this study was to investigate the impact of various living arrangements on the occurrence of perioperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) (now known as perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction, or PND) among elderly patients. METHODS: The authors' study cohort consisted of 162 elderly patients who underwent laparoscopic radical surgery for gastrointestinal cancer under general anesthesia. The authors categorized them into the following 5 groups based on their preoperative living arrangements: living with the spouse and children (group A); living with the spouse (group B); living with children (group C); living alone (group D); and living in a nursing home (group E). The authors observed and compared the preoperative and postoperative cognitive functions of the patients in the 5 groups. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in age, sex, years of education, duration of surgery, duration of anesthesia, or postoperative visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores among the 5 groups of patients. However, the 5 groups of patients differed significantly with respect to preoperative mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores, the difference between preoperative and postoperative scores, the preoperative rate of cognitive impairment, and the prevalence of postoperative POCD. When the authors examined the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale scores, there were statistically significant differences in the preoperative scores, the difference between preoperative and postoperative scores, and the prevalence of postoperative POCD among the 5 groups. The prevalence of preoperative cognitive impairment, as diagnosed by the MMSE and MoCA scales, and the occurrence of POCD at 3 and 5 days post-surgery were similar. Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for POCD prevalence revealed that the living arrangement of elderly patients was a risk factor for the prevalence of POCD on day 3 post-surgery, whereas the living arrangement and the presence of preoperative cognitive impairment were risk factors for POCD on day 5 post-surgery. CONCLUSION: The authors' study results highlighted the type of living arrangements of elderly patients as one of the factors that influence the prevalence of POCD in the immediate postoperative period. Elderly patients who preoperatively resided in a nursing home or those who lived alone were more likely to be associated with developing POCD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".