ENDOSCOPIC THIRD VENTRICULOSTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF NORMOTENSIVE HYDROCEPHALUS. A CLINICAL CASE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction. Normotensive hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. This causes an increase in the enlargement of the ventricles and an increase in intracranial pressure. Finally, this will cause gait impairment, decreased cognitive function, and urinary incontinence. Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a potentially clinically reversible disease. For this purpose, ventriculoperitoneal shunt is used. However, ventriculoperitoneal shunting has a high rate of complications. An alternative to ventriculoperitoneal shunting is endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Aim. To determine the possibility and evaluate the results of treatment of normotensive hydrocephalus using endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Materials and methods. At the preoperative stage, the patient underwent the following: a review of complaints and medical history, a neurological examination, a Tap test or lumbar puncture test with a large volume, and an MRI of the brain with intravenous contrast. In the postoperative period, a control MRI of the brain was performed with intravenous enhancement using the CSF Drive mode. The level of cognitive-amnestic disorders was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Scale at both the pre- and postoperative stages. Results. Based on the clinical and anamnestic data, as well as the results of neuroimaging and instrumental diagnostic methods, the patient was diagnosed with normotensive hydrocephalus. The operation performed was an endoscopic third ventriculostomy using an endoscopic, frontal, transcortical approach on the right. In the early postoperative period, the patient experienced partial regression of preoperative symptoms, with gradual complete regression occurring 4 years after the operation. Conclusions. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy can be used in the treatment of normotensive hydrocephalus because it leads to complete regression of symptoms and can be offered as an alternative to ventriculoperitoneal shunting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".