MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W4408578925 · doi:10.1656/045.032.m2601

The History and Distribution of Brown Trout, Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758, in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island

2025· article· en· W4408578925 on OpenAlexaffabout
Samuel N. Andrews, Keeler J. Colton, Elizabeth M.T. Bateman, John L. MacMillan, Colin F. Buhariwalla, Kathryn Collet, Michael J. W. Stokesbury

Bibliographic record

VenueNortheastern Naturalist · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicFish Ecology and Management Studies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of New BrunswickNova Scotia Department of AgricultureAcadia UniversityUniversity of Prince Edward IslandDucks Unlimited Canada
Fundersnot available
KeywordsNova scotiaSalmoBrown troutFisheryTroutGeographyZoologyDistribution (mathematics)BiologyArchaeologyFish <Actinopterygii>Mathematics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Salmo trutta (Brown Trout) were introduced to New Brunswick in 1921 and Nova Scotia in 1925, where they have become widely distributed throughout coastal tributaries and inland lakes. Brown Trout occupy freshwater across their native and introduced range. However, they tend towards anadromy anywhere they have access to the sea, making them an effective colonizer of coastal rivers and estuaries. The Canadian Maritime Provinces provided the necessary conditions for natural colonization, and through this mechanism, Brown Trout have found their way to unstocked waters, including in Prince Edward Island, where the species was never intentionally introduced. Brown Trout are a popular recreational species in the Maritime Provinces, but no synthesis of the species' distribution has been conducted in the region. Here we report on the complete Brown Trout stocking history, introduced distribution, natural colonization, and management in the Maritime Provinces. The goal of this review is to provide the baseline data necessary to inform local scientific studies of Brown Trout, monitor the ongoing colonization of coastal habitat, and to assist in studying, managing, and documenting the occurrence of Brown Trout alongside native freshwater species.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.446
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.215
Teacher spread0.208 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venueNortheastern NaturalistSame topicFish Ecology and Management StudiesFrench-language works237,207