The History and Distribution of Brown Trout, Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758, in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Salmo trutta (Brown Trout) were introduced to New Brunswick in 1921 and Nova Scotia in 1925, where they have become widely distributed throughout coastal tributaries and inland lakes. Brown Trout occupy freshwater across their native and introduced range. However, they tend towards anadromy anywhere they have access to the sea, making them an effective colonizer of coastal rivers and estuaries. The Canadian Maritime Provinces provided the necessary conditions for natural colonization, and through this mechanism, Brown Trout have found their way to unstocked waters, including in Prince Edward Island, where the species was never intentionally introduced. Brown Trout are a popular recreational species in the Maritime Provinces, but no synthesis of the species' distribution has been conducted in the region. Here we report on the complete Brown Trout stocking history, introduced distribution, natural colonization, and management in the Maritime Provinces. The goal of this review is to provide the baseline data necessary to inform local scientific studies of Brown Trout, monitor the ongoing colonization of coastal habitat, and to assist in studying, managing, and documenting the occurrence of Brown Trout alongside native freshwater species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".