A Time‐Adaptive Diffusion‐Based <scp>CT</scp> Image Denoising Method by Processing Directional and Non‐Local Information
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Low‐dose computed tomography (CT) images are prone to noise and artifacts caused by photon starvation and electronic noise. Recently, researchers have explored the use of transformer‐based neural networks combined with generative diffusion models, showing promising results in denoising CT images. Despite their high performance, these approaches often struggle to process crucial information in the input data, resulting in suboptimal image quality. To address this limitation, we propose Starformer, a novel transformer‐based operation designed to extract non‐local directional features essential for diagnostic accuracy while maintaining an acceptable computational complexity overhead. Starformer is seamlessly integrated into the time‐adaptive schedules of a diffusion model, dynamically balancing global structural extraction and fine texture refinement throughout the diffusion process. This enables the generation of high‐quality, realistic textures in the final denoised images. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of both approaches in enhancing CT image quality, with improvements of up to 15% in PSNR and 36% in SSIM, highlighting their superiority over state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".