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Automating equipment identification in nuclear engineering drawings

2025· article· en· W4408596706 on OpenAlex
Issam Hammad, Mishca de Costa, Ameneh Boroomand, Muhammad Anwar

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueNuclear Engineering and Design · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicHandwritten Text Recognition Techniques
Canadian institutionsOntario Power GenerationDalhousie University
FundersOntario Power Generation
KeywordsIdentification (biology)EngineeringForensic engineeringEngineering drawingNuclear engineeringConstruction engineeringSystems engineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Engineering drawings are critical assets in the nuclear industry, essential for the design, construction, and maintenance of facilities like the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station (DNGS). Manual processes for identifying equipment within these drawings are time-consuming and error-prone, affecting operational efficiency and safety compliance. This paper presents design methodologies to build an Intelligent Drawing Query (IDQ) system, leveraging Cloud Base Artificial Intelligence (AI) including Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technologies to automate equipment identification of tags within nuclear engineering drawings. The paper evaluates and compares the extraction efficiency of cloud-based OCR services including Microsoft’s Azure OCR and Azure Document Intelligence (DI). Additionally, the paper explores best practices to maximize the extraction efficiency. Moreover, the paper explores the potential of OpenAI’s multimodal GPT-4 model for additional detection tasks. Such automation reduces human error, enhances workflows, and ensures compliance with safety and regulatory standards.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.959
Threshold uncertainty score0.626

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.215
Teacher spread0.206 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it