Examining Order–Disorder Structural Transition of Gd<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2–<i>x</i></sub>Ce<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>7</sub> Using Synchrotron Techniques
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Depending on the radius ratio of A and B site cations, A 2 B 2 O 7 -type oxides can adopt different crystal structures, including the pyrochlore-, defect fluorite-, or bixbyite-type structures. Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 with a r Gd 3+ / r Zr 4+ ratio of 1.46 is an example that exhibits a polymorphic transition between the pyrochlore- and defect fluorite-type structures. To delve deeper into these polymorphic transitions, Ce was introduced as a substitute in the B-site of Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 . Gd 2 Zr 2– x Ce x O 7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) was synthesized using a coprecipitation method and annealed at 1400 °C. Previous investigations yielded disparate results regarding the structures adopted due to the challenge of detecting the low-intensity superstructural peaks associated with the pyrochlore and bixbyite structures using conventional lab-based X-ray diffraction (XRD) instruments. Utilizing synchrotron XRD with a high signal/noise ratio resolves these contradictions and aids in the structure analysis for Gd 2 Zr 2– x Ce x O 7 . Based on synchrotron XRD data, a combination of defect fluorite and pyrochlore phases was observed for x = 0–0.25, the defect fluorite structure was adopted when x = 0.5–1.75, and the bixbyite structure was observed when x = 2. Ce L 3 and Zr K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) spectra revealed that both cations were present in 4+ oxidation states.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".