Effect of Nanoparticle Size on Cysteine‐Gold Surface Interactions
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are considered for biomedical applications, and their size influences their effectivity and stability in the human body. This study investigates the interactions between citrate‐stabilized AuNPs (5, 10, 15, and 20 nm) and L‐Cysteine (Cys). The interactions were probed by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Hydrogenated gold cysteine thiolate molecular ions, gold‐sulfur ions, and Au 3 +/− , as gold atom representatives, were all detected for the different sizes. Smaller intensity ratios of the gold‐cysteine‐related peaks versus the gold reference peaks were observed with increasing AuNP size. CV confirmed stronger interactions of smaller AuNPs with Cys. AuNPs bond strongest to the thiol group, followed by the amino group, while no gold‐carboxyl interactions were probed. The nonspecific properties of the smallest‐sized (5 nm) AuNPs stabilized (less aggregation) by the presence of Cys based on XAS, but all nanoparticle sizes showed more agglomeration in aqueous solution in the presence of Cys based on DLS. The data confirmed that the strength of the binding between AuNPs and Cys is size‐dependent, possibly caused by curvature, surface energy, and/or diffusion processes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it