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Record W4408639091 · doi:10.36078/1742363885

ФАКТОРЫ, ОБУСЛОВЛИВАЮЩИЕ ВЫБОР GET-ПАССИВОВ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ: КОРПУСНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ

2025· article· en· W4408639091 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Daiho Kitaoka

Bibliographic record

VenueForeign Languages in Uzbekistan · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicSyntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsComputer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper is part of the ongoing research project concerning the syntax of passive construction in English. Passive construction is notorious in both linguistics and education for its complex structures, varied meanings and implications, and the presence of numerous comparable constructions. To tackle these challenges, the purpose of this project is twofold. First, it contributes to a comparative study of the passive construction in English, Japanese, and other languages. Second, it contributes to pedagogy. To reach these aims, this paper uses a variationist framework to analyze a corpus of English passives. It also extends to descriptive and generative frameworks. The present study analyzes the English passives, specifically be-passives and get-passives, in Quebec, Canada, to identify the conditioning factors influencing their selection. The tokens of the passive sentences are examined in terms of their relations to age, sex, and social classes, as well as syntactic properties (e.g., agentivity). It is proposed that the choice of get-passives is affected by three independent factors: age, the presence or absence of a by-phrase, and the types of verbs used and how they are subcategorized and dynamic. Even though the corpus used in this study is fairly small, it contributes to the field by looking at a type of passive construction that has not been looked at much from different theoretical and descriptive angles. It also makes suggestions about how to do the research and what these findings mean for the form-meaning interface.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.896
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.014
GPT teacher head0.267
Teacher spread0.253 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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