Inter- and intraspecific patterns in age, morphometrics and mineralization status in the thorny sea pen Pennatula aculeata and the greater sea pen Ptilella grandis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sea pens are ecologically important coral species in deep, cold-water ecosystems in the Northwest Atlantic, where they form dense aggregations. Sea pens are threatened by bottom-contact fishing gears and potentially by global change drivers, including ongoing ocean acidification. To better understand their fundamental biology and how these environmental threats may affect sea pens, information on their age structure, growth rates, and level of mineralization is required. We evaluate the age of the sea pens Pennatula aculeata (Danielssen 1860) and Ptilella grandis (Ehrenberg 1834) from two regions of contrasting densities in the Estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In addition, we characterized relationships between the length, diameter, age, growth rate, and mineralization status of sea pens central stem, known as the rachis. We revealed interspecific differences in age, length, diameter and growth rates, as well as intraspecific (regional) differences in age, length and diameter. On average, the mineral content of longer and older individuals was lower, especially in the upper extremity of the rachis, suggesting a change in mineralization during ontogeny that may have evolved to guarantee greater flexibility of the parts more exposed to currents. There were also interspecific differences in mineralization status, with P. aculeata generally being more highly mineralized.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".