Structural alterations of individual hypothalamic nuclei in young females with obesity and anorexia nervosa: an in vivo 7-T MRI study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hypothalamus (HT) plays a crucial role in regulating eating behaviors. Disruptions in its function have been linked to the development of weight-related disorders. Nevertheless, its characterization remains a challenge. We assessed the structural alterations of individual HT nuclei related to eating behaviors in patients with weight-related disorders, and their association with body mass index (BMI) and severity of eating disorders. Forty-four young females with normal weight (HC, n = 21), restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN, n = 13), and living with obesity (OB, n = 10) were explored in vivo using 7-T high-resolution (0.6 mm isotropic voxel) T 1 quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Volumes and quantitative T 1 values of individual HT nuclei were compared after whole-brain normalization using nonparametric tests (corrected for multiple comparisons for groups and regions). We investigated the parameters associated with BMI and eating disorders, such as MRI parameters of HT nuclei, ghrelin and leptin levels, depression, and anxiety using multivariate nonlinear partial least square (NIPALS). Both AN and OB showed higher volumes of HT relative to HC (Zscores: 0.78 ± 1.06; 1.43 ± 1.51). AN showed significantly higher volumes and T 1 values of the right paraventricular nucleus (PaVN) (volume Zscore: 1.82 ± 1.45; T 1 Zscore: 3.76 ± 4.67), and higher T 1 values of the left PaVN (Zscore: 2.25 ± 2.37) and right periventricular nuclei (Zscore: 3.73 ± 4.81). NIPALS models showed that lower BMI in AN was associated with structural alterations of the bilateral PaVN, right anterior commissure, and left fornix (FX). Higher BMI in OB was associated with structural alterations within the right PaVN, bilateral FX, left posterior hypothalamic nucleus, right lateral HT, and right anterior hypothalamic area. Finally, the severity of eating disorders was associated with larger structural alterations within the bilateral PaVN, bilateral arcuate hypothalamic nuclei, right bed nucleus of stria terminalis, left medial preoptic nucleus, and right tubero-mammillary hypothalamic nucleus. Weight-related disorders are associated with significant micro and macrostructural alterations in HT nuclei involved in eating behaviors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".